science

Four planets parade across November's pre-dawn sky

Mercury, Venus, Mars and Jupiter form a diagonal lineup in the south-eastern sky before sunrise through November, with a supermoon joining from the 24th.

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Key facts

  • From 24 November, a full Moon will join the planets in the morning sky. It will be the first in a run of four supermoons.
  • Stargazers are being treated to a diagonal parade of four planets in the pre-dawn sky throughout November.
  • The display matters for anyone who wants to pick out several worlds in one glance, without waiting for a rare telescope night.

From 24 November, a full Moon will join the planets in the morning sky. It will be the first in a run of four supermoons.

Stargazers are being treated to a diagonal parade of four planets in the pre-dawn sky throughout November.

The display matters for anyone who wants to pick out several worlds in one glance, without waiting for a rare telescope night.

The best time to view the lineup is about 45 to 60 minutes before sunrise.

A clear eastern horizon is essential. Observers should choose a spot away from light pollution and give their eyes about twenty minutes to adjust to the dark.

Venus is the easiest planet in the parade to find. After the Moon, it is the brightest object in the night sky.

That glare has a physical cause. Venus has the highest albedo of any major planet, reflecting more sunlight back into space than the others and so appearing brighter.

It is also usually the closest planet to Earth in its orbit, at times a mere 24 million miles away.

Venus will stand higher in the sky than Mercury and will be visible earlier, in the hours before sunrise.

Mercury will be the hardest planet in the parade to spot. As the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest in the solar system, it remains locked in solar glare.

Mars and Jupiter will appear very close to each other on 15 and 16 November.

The two planets will also lie near the bright star Regulus and may look like a triple star.

Binoculars or a telescope will show a few other planets this month as well, beyond the four already visible to the naked eye.

Dig deeper

What is a supermoon?

A supermoon is a full Moon near its closest point to Earth, so it looks a bit larger and brighter than usual. From 24 November, the first of four such full Moons joins the morning planets.

What is Venus?

Venus is the planet next inward from Earth, wrapped in thick reflective clouds, and is usually the brightest planet in the sky.

What is albedo?

Albedo is how much sunlight a world reflects. Venus has the highest albedo of the major planets, which is why its glare stands out after the Moon.

Why does a clear eastern horizon matter?

The lineup sits low in the pre-dawn sky, so hills, trees, or buildings to the east can hide the planets before sunrise.

What happens next?

From 24 November a full Moon joins the morning planets, starting a run of four supermoons.

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